The M1 Pro and M1 Max have a unified memory architecture, meaning that all components on the chip, such as the CPU and GPU, share the same memory addressing. The M1 Pro includes a media engine supporting ProRes encoding and decoding, and the M1 Max includes two engines. Each SoC has two Thunderbolt 4 controllers with three Retimer, one for each of the Thunderbolt 4 ports on the 14-inch and 16-inch MacBook Pros. They have the same 16-core Neural Engine, Secure Enclave, and two media engines as the Apple A14 Bionic.

In total, the M1 Max GPU contains up to 512 execution units or 4096 ALUs, which have a maximum floating point (FP32) performance of 10.4 TFLOPs. Each GPU core is split into 16 Execution Units, which each contain eight arithmetic logic units (ALUs). The M1 Pro integrates an Apple-designed 16-core (14 in some base models) graphics processing unit (GPU), while the M1 Max integrates a 32-core (24 in some base models) GPU. The M1 Pro and M1 Max have 24MB and 48MB respectively of system level cache (SLC). The two high-efficiency cores share 4MB of L2 cache. Each high-performance cluster shares 12MB of L2 cache. The eight high-performance cores are split into two clusters. The high-performance cores are clocked at 3228 MHz, and the high-efficiency cores are clocked at 2064 MHz. The M1 Pro and M1 Max use the ARM big.LITTLE design with eight high-performance 'Firestorm' (six in the lower-binned variants of the M1 Pro) and two energy-efficient 'Icestorm' cores, providing a total of ten cores (eight in the lower-binned variants of the M1 Pro).

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